what is cpu made of

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the brain of the computer, responsible for carrying out instructions and performing calculations. It is made up of millions of tiny electronic components, including transistors, resistors, and capacitors, all etched onto a silicon wafer. These components work together to process data and execute programs, making the CPU the most critical component in a computer system. At its core, the CPU is powered by the interaction of billions of tiny switches called transistors, which control the flow of electricity throughout the chip. These transistors are arranged into complex circuits that allow the CPU to perform a wide range of tasks, from basic arithmetic operations to complex data processing. In recent years, CPUs have become increasingly powerful and energy-efficient, thanks to advancements in semiconductor technology. This has enabled them to handle more complex tasks, such as artificial intelligence and high-performance computing, making them essential for a wide range of applications, from smartphones and laptops to data centers and supercomputers.